Vietnamese Dong
Đồng
Currency Code
VND
ISO 704
Symbol
VND
Native: ₫
Decimal Digits
0
Rounding: 0
Countries
VN
Using this currency
Currency Units
Major Unit
Name: đồng
Symbol: ₫
Minor Unit
Name:
Symbol:
Value: 0
Banknotes
Frequently Used
₫1000₫2000₫5000₫10000₫20000₫50000₫100000₫200000₫500000
Rarely Used
₫100₫200₫500
Coins
Rarely Used
₫200₫500₫1000₫2000₫5000
Plural Forms
English Plural
Vietnamese dong
Native Plural
Đồng
Overview
The Vietnamese Dong is the currency of Vietnam, managed by the State Bank of Vietnam. It has been relatively stable in recent years as Vietnam has experienced strong economic growth and increasing integration with global markets.
Economy
- Vietnam is a member of ASEAN, APEC, CPTPP, RCEP.
- Main industries include: Food processing, Garments, Shoes, Machine-building, Mining, Coal, Steel, Cement, Chemical fertilizer, Glass, Tires, Oil, Mobile phones.
- Vietnam is part of the World Trade Organization.
- Imports are machinery, equipment, petroleum products, steel products, raw materials, motorcycles, electronics, plastics, chemicals.
- Major exports include clothes, shoes, electronics, seafood, crude oil, rice, coffee, wooden products, machinery.
- GDP: $449.1 billion (2023 est.).
- GDP per capita: $4,568 (2023 est.).
- Unemployment rate: 2.3% (2023 est.).
- Inflation rate: 3.3% (2023 est.).
- Main trading partners: China, United States, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Thailand.
- Trade agreements: CPTPP, EVFTA, RCEP, ASEAN FTA, Various bilateral agreements.
History
- Previous currencies used: French Indochinese piastre, South Vietnamese đồng, Liberation đồng.
- The đồng was introduced in 1946 for North Vietnam and became the currency of unified Vietnam in 1978. The name 'đồng' refers to bronze coins used in imperial Vietnam.
- 1946: North Vietnamese đồng introduced
- 1975: Vietnam reunification
- 1978: Unified đồng introduced
- 1985: Đổi Mới economic reforms begin
- 2001: WTO accession negotiations start
- 2007: WTO membership achieved
- 2020: EVFTA trade agreement with EU
- Exchange rate peg: Managed float with gradual depreciation.
General Information
- ISO 4217 Code: VND
- Symbols: VND/₫
- Currency Subunits: 10 hào or 100 xu (rarely used)
- Central Bank: State Bank of Vietnam
- Monetary Policy: Managed floating exchange rate with inflation targeting. Focus on maintaining price stability while supporting export-oriented growth.
- Bills: 10000 VND, 20000 VND, 50000 VND, 100000 VND, 200000 VND, 500000 VND
- Coins: 200 đồng, 500 đồng, 1000 đồng, 2000 đồng, 5000 đồng
- USD Exchange Rate: Variable (approximately 24000-24500 VND per USD)
- Pegged To: None (Floating)
- Capital: Hanoi
- Population: 98,721,275 (2023 est.)
- Area: 331,210 km²
- Languages: Vietnamese (official), English, French, Chinese, Khmer
- Time Zones: UTC+7 (Indochina Time)
- Government Type: Communist state
- Head of Government: President (head of state), Prime Minister (head of government)
- Independence: September 2, 1945 (from France)
- Ethnic Groups: Kinh (Viet) 85.3%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.9%, Muong 1.5%, Khmer 1.4%, Mong 1.4%, Nung 1.1%, Hoa 1%, Other 4.5%
- Religions: None 12.2%, Buddhist 12.2%, Catholic 6.8%, Cao Dai 4.8%, Protestant 1.5%, Hoa Hao 1.4%, Other 60.4%
- Literacy Rate: 95% (2018 est.)
- Transport: Tan Son Nhat Airport, Noi Bai Airport, extensive road network, North-South Railway, major ports (Ho Chi Minh City, Haiphong)
- Communications: Good telecommunications, 77% internet penetration, widespread mobile coverage
- Energy: Coal 47%, Hydroelectric 29%, Natural gas 16%, Oil 3%, Renewables 5%
- Countries Using This Currency: Vietnam
- Data Sources: Central Bank: State Bank of Vietnam (sbv.gov.vn), Economic Data: General Statistics Office of Vietnam, World Bank, IMF, Trade Data: Vietnam Customs, Demographic Data: General Statistics Office of Vietnam, Geographic Data: Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Historical Data: State Bank of Vietnam archives
- Last Updated: 2025